Heat Related Illness in Athletics

  • What are heat related illnesses? 

    Heat related illnesses are conditions that arise from exercising in a hot, humid environment. stages There are four different types of heat illness, that range in severity and how they are treated-

    Heat Stroke – The most severe heat related illness, characterized by having a core body temperature above 105°F and central nervous system dysfunction (disorientation, altered consciousness, collapse, irritability etc.) Heat stroke is life threatening.

    Heat Exhaustion – The most common type of heat illness that results in the individual’s inability to continue activity due to cardiovascular insufficiency and energy depletion. 

    Heat Cramps – Muscle cramping due to dehydration, electrolyte insufficiency and deconditioning

    Heat Syncope – Fainting in high environmental temperatures. 

     

    What are the Risk Factors associated with heat illness? 

    • Exercising in hot/humid environment 
    • Dehydration
    • Obesity
    • History of heat illness 
    • Lack of appropriate nutrition 
    • Lack of appropriate acclimatization

     

               What are the signs and symptoms of heat related illness? 

     

    Heat Stroke

     

    Heat Exhaustion

    Temperature greater than 105°F (40.5°C) 

    Irrational behavior, irritability or emotional instability

    Altered consciousness

    Disorientation

    Dizziness

    Headache

    Confusion

    Nausea or vomiting

    Diarrhea

    Collapse

    Staggering or sluggish feeling

     

     

    Fatigue

    Nausea

    Fainting

    Weakness

    Vomiting

    Dizziness/lightheadedness

    Pale

    Chills

    Diarrhea

    Irritability

    Headache

     

     

     

     

    Heat Cramping

     

    Heat Syncope

    Dehydration

    Fatigue

    Painful, involuntary muscle spasms

     

    Dizziness/lightheadedness

    Weakness

    Loss of consciousness

    Tunnel vision

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    How can heat illness be prevented?

    • Proper Hydration 
    • Proper Nutrition 
    • Wear loose moisture wicking clothing 
    • Heat acclimatization
    • Monitor Environmental Conditions 
    • Modify practices as needed 

     

    How are heat illnesses managed? 

    The treatment of heat related illness depends on the type of illness experienced. Cold towels, ice packs and cold immersion (where available) may be used to aid in the cooling of a student-athlete.

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