Norfolk Public Schools
Heat Illness
Heat Related Illness in Athletics
What are heat related illnesses?
Heat related illnesses are conditions that arise from exercising in a hot, humid environment. stages There are four different types of heat illness, that range in severity and how they are treated-
Heat Stroke – The most severe heat related illness, characterized by having a core body temperature above 105°F and central nervous system dysfunction (disorientation, altered consciousness, collapse, irritability etc.) Heat stroke is life threatening.
Heat Exhaustion – The most common type of heat illness that results in the individual’s inability to continue activity due to cardiovascular insufficiency and energy depletion.
Heat Cramps – Muscle cramping due to dehydration, electrolyte insufficiency and deconditioning
Heat Syncope – Fainting in high environmental temperatures.
What are the Risk Factors associated with heat illness?
- Exercising in hot/humid environment
- Dehydration
- Obesity
- History of heat illness
- Lack of appropriate nutrition
- Lack of appropriate acclimatization
What are the signs and symptoms of heat related illness?
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Heat Stroke |
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Heat Exhaustion |
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Temperature greater than 105°F (40.5°C) Irrational behavior, irritability or emotional instability Altered consciousness Disorientation Dizziness Headache Confusion Nausea or vomiting Diarrhea Collapse Staggering or sluggish feeling
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Fatigue Nausea Fainting Weakness Vomiting Dizziness/lightheadedness Pale Chills Diarrhea Irritability Headache
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Heat Cramping |
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Heat Syncope |
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Dehydration Fatigue Painful, involuntary muscle spasms |
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Dizziness/lightheadedness Weakness Loss of consciousness Tunnel vision
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How can heat illness be prevented?
- Proper Hydration
- Proper Nutrition
- Wear loose moisture wicking clothing
- Heat acclimatization
- Monitor Environmental Conditions
- Modify practices as needed
How are heat illnesses managed?
The treatment of heat related illness depends on the type of illness experienced. Cold towels, ice packs and cold immersion (where available) may be used to aid in the cooling of a student-athlete.